Implementing a Sema-More

This is the idea of a mutex: keep the other person out while you do your thing.

This is a semaphore:

Just kidding, this is a real semaphore:

pthread_mutex_t m = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
Semamore sem;
Stack s; // Thread Safe Stack
void* transaction_listener(void* arg) {
    while(1) {
        semm_wait(&sem); // decrements the semamore
        stack_push(&s, get_transaction());
    }
}

void* transaction_verifier(void* arg) {
    while(1) {
    	semm_post(&sem); // increments the semamore
        transaction = stack_pop(&s);
        verify(transaction);
    }
}

int main() {
    pthread_t tid1, tid2;
    pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, transaction_listener, NULL);
    pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, transaction_verifier, NULL);

    pthread_join(tid1,NULL);
    pthread_join(tid2,NULL);
    exit(0);
}

Semamore Outline

Struct

typedef struct {
	int value, max_value;
	pthread_mutext_t m;
	pthread_cond_t cv;
} Semamore;

• When max_value is reached
  • All threads trying to post should be blocked
  • Where/how do you notify these blocked threads when a thread decreases the semamore’s value below max_value?
• When 0 is reached
  • All threads trying to wait should be blocked
  • Where/how do you notify these blocked threads when a thread increases the semamore’s value above 0?

Remember to not burn CPU

Spurious Wakeups?

if(!condition)
	pthread_cond_wait(&cv, &mutex);

What is wrong with the code above?

Not-So-Broken Barriers

What does a barrier look like? Glad you asked.

void * entry_point(void *arg)
{

    // final_matrix = initial_matrix * initial_matrix
    for(int row in thread_range)
        for(int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col)
            DotProduct(row, col, initial_matrix, final_matrix);

    // Make sure the threads stop before moving on
    int rc = pthread_barrier_wait(&barr);

    //Check for error
    if(rc != 0 && rc != PTHREAD_BARRIER_SERIAL_THREAD)
    {
        printf("Could not wait on barrier\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
	
    // initial matrix = final_matrix * final_matrix
    for(int row in thread_range)
        for(int col = 0; col < COLS; ++col)
            DotProduct(row, col, final_matrix, initial_matrix);
}

More information is in the coursebook.

Thread-Safe Queues

Remember CS 124/225! Appending to the head of a linked list, other edge cases, etc…

Reminders

• Use a while loop to check the condition when using cond_wait.
• A thread might be awoken even the condition for waking up is not reached.
• Google spurious wakeups: https://goo.gl/TEJVOl
• Write a correctly working queue first before making it thread-safe

• PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER initializes a mutex with default properties
• pthread_mutex_init(&mtex, &attr) allows specialized attributes
• Think of all critical/edge cases to test your queue/semamore
• Consider one thread that starts working really late
• Semamore is not a real term!

Questions?

Credit Where Credit is Due

Credit to https://habrahabr.ru/post/277669/ for most of these animations!